National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures
Identifieur interne : 00A532 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00A531; suivant : 00A533National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures
Auteurs : A. Terracciano [États-Unis] ; A. M. Abdel-Khalek [Koweït] ; N. Adam [Hongrie] ; L. Adamovova [Slovaquie] ; C.-K. Ahn [Corée du Sud] ; H.-N. Ahn [Corée du Sud] ; B. M. Alansari [Koweït] ; L. Alcalay [Chili] ; J. Allik [Estonie] ; A. Angleitner [Allemagne] ; M. D. Avla [Espagne] ; L. E. Ayearst [Canada] ; C. Barbaranelli [Italie] ; A. Beer [États-Unis] ; M. A. Borg-Cunen [Malte] ; D. Bratko [Croatie] ; M. Brunner-Sciarra [Pérou] ; L. Budzinski [Australie] ; N. Camant [France] ; D. Dahourou [Burkina Faso] ; F. De Fruyt [Belgique] ; M. P. De Lima [Portugal] ; G. E. H. Del Pilar [Philippines] ; E. Diener [États-Unis] ; R. Falzon [Malte] ; K. Fernando [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; E. Fickova [Slovaquie] ; R. Fischer [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; C. Flores-Mendoza ; M. A. Ghayur ; S. Gülgöz ; B. Hagber ; J. Halberstadt [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; M. S. Halim ; M. Hrebickova ; J. Humrichouse [États-Unis] ; H. H. Jensen ; D. D. Jocic ; F. H. Jonsson ; B. Khoury ; W. Klinkosz ; G. Knezevic ; M. A. Lauri [Malte] ; N. Leibovich ; T. A. Martin ; I. Marusic [Croatie] ; K. A. Mastor ; D. Matsumoto ; M. Mcrorie ; B. Meshcheriakov ; E. L. Mortensen ; M. Munyae ; J. Nagy [Hongrie] ; K. Nakazato ; F. Nansubuga ; S. Oishi ; A. O. Ojedokun ; F. Ostendorf [Allemagne] ; D. L. Paulhus ; S. PelevinSource :
- Science : (Washington, D.C.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2005.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Nationalité, Homme.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.
Url:
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Belgique, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chili, Corée du Sud, Croatie, Espagne, Estonie, France, Hongrie, Italie, Koweït, Malte, Nouvelle-Zélande, Philippines, Portugal, Pérou, Slovaquie, États-Unis
- Communauté de Madrid, Hongrie centrale, Iowa, Latium, Province de Flandre-Orientale, Victoria (État), Île-de-France
- Budapest, Gand, Iowa City, Madrid, Melbourne, Nanterre, Rome
- Université de Melbourne, Université de l'Iowa
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Angleitner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1><s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>58 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avla, M D" sort="Avla, M D" uniqKey="Avla M" first="M. D." last="Avla">M. D. Avla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Com plutense de Madrid</s1><s2>Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. 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Borg-Cunen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1><s3>MLT</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>43 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Malte</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1><s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2><s3>HRV</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>46 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Croatie</country><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores</s1><s2>Lima</s2><s3>PER</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pérou</country><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne</s1><s2>Parkville VIC, 3010</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique</s1><s2>92001 Nanterre</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P</s1><s2>7021 Ouagadougou</s2><s3>BFA</s3><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Burkina Faso</country><wicri:noRegion>7021 Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2</s1><s2>9000 Ghent</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra</s1><s2>Coimbra</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Department of Psychology, Uni versity of the Philippines, Diliman</s1><s2>Quezon City, 1101</s2><s3>PHL</s3><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Philippines</country><wicri:noRegion>Quezon City, 1101</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel Street</s1><s2>Champaign, IL 61820</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Champaign, IL 61820</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1><s3>MLT</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>43 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Malte</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1><s2>Dunedin</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1><s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2><s3>SVK</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovaquie</country><wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="25"><s1>School of Psychology, Post Office Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington</s1><s2>Wellington</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1><s2>Dunedin</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1><s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1><s3>MLT</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>43 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Malte</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1><s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2><s3>HRV</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>46 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Croatie</country><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1><s2>1075 Budapest</s2><s3>HUN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>53 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hongrie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement><region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1><s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>58 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">06-0105831</idno><date when="2005">2005</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 06-0105831 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:06-0105831</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">004565</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">001B30</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">004485</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">004485</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0036-8075:2005:Terracciano A:national:character:does</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">00B135</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775052</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2775052</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001410</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001410</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001270</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001270</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002C46</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002C46</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000157</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000157</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000157</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0036-8075:2005:Terracciano A:national:character:does</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">00AD20</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">00A532</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">00A532</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures</title><author><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD 21224</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21224</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1><s2>71962, Kaifan</s2><s3>KWT</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Koweït</country><wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Adam">N. Adam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1><s2>1075 Budapest</s2><s3>HUN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>53 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hongrie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement><region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovova">L. Adamovova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1><s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2><s3>SVK</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovaquie</country><wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1><s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Corée du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1><s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2><s3>KOR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Corée du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1><s2>71962, Kaifan</s2><s3>KWT</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Koweït</country><wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Escuela de Psi cologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860</s1><s2>Macul, Santiago</s2><s3>CHL</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Chili</country><wicri:noRegion>Macul, Santiago</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78</s1><s2>50410 Tartu</s2><s3>EST</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Estonie</country><wicri:noRegion>50410 Tartu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1><s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>58 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avla, M D" sort="Avla, M D" uniqKey="Avla M" first="M. D." last="Avla">M. D. Avla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Com plutense de Madrid</s1><s2>Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street</s1><s2>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Via Dei Marsi 78</s1><s2>00185 Rome</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1><s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1><s3>MLT</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>43 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Malte</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1><s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2><s3>HRV</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>46 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Croatie</country><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores</s1><s2>Lima</s2><s3>PER</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pérou</country><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne</s1><s2>Parkville VIC, 3010</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique</s1><s2>92001 Nanterre</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P</s1><s2>7021 Ouagadougou</s2><s3>BFA</s3><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Burkina Faso</country><wicri:noRegion>7021 Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2</s1><s2>9000 Ghent</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belgique</country><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra</s1><s2>Coimbra</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Department of Psychology, Uni versity of the Philippines, Diliman</s1><s2>Quezon City, 1101</s2><s3>PHL</s3><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Philippines</country><wicri:noRegion>Quezon City, 1101</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel Street</s1><s2>Champaign, IL 61820</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Champaign, IL 61820</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1><s3>MLT</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>43 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Malte</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1><s2>Dunedin</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1><s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2><s3>SVK</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Slovaquie</country><wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="25"><s1>School of Psychology, Post Office Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington</s1><s2>Wellington</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1><s2>Dunedin</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1><s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1><s3>MLT</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>43 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Malte</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1><s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2><s3>HRV</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>46 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Croatie</country><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1><s2>1075 Budapest</s2><s3>HUN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>53 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hongrie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement><region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1><s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>58 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Science : (Washington, D.C.)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Science : (Wash. D.C.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno><imprint><date when="2005">2005</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Science : (Washington, D.C.)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Science : (Wash. D.C.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Human</term><term>Nationality</term><term>Personality</term><term>Social cognition</term><term>Social perception</term><term>Stereotype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Perception sociale</term><term>Personnalité</term><term>Nationalité</term><term>Stéréotype</term><term>Cognition sociale</term><term>Homme</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Nationalité</term><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Burkina Faso</li><li>Canada</li><li>Chili</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Estonie</li><li>France</li><li>Hongrie</li><li>Italie</li><li>Koweït</li><li>Malte</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Philippines</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Pérou</li><li>Slovaquie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Hongrie centrale</li><li>Iowa</li><li>Latium</li><li>Province de Flandre-Orientale</li><li>Victoria (État)</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Budapest</li><li>Gand</li><li>Iowa City</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Nanterre</li><li>Rome</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Melbourne</li><li>Université de l'Iowa</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name></country><country name="Koweït"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name></country><country name="Hongrie"><region name="Hongrie centrale"><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Adam">N. Adam</name></region><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name></country><country name="Slovaquie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovova">L. Adamovova</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name></country><country name="Chili"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name></noRegion></country><country name="Estonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Avla, M D" sort="Avla, M D" uniqKey="Avla M" first="M. D." last="Avla">M. D. Avla</name></region></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name></region></country><country name="Malte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name></country><country name="Croatie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name></country><country name="Pérou"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name></region></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name></region></country><country name="Burkina Faso"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name></noRegion></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Province de Flandre-Orientale"><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name></region></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name></noRegion></country><country name="Philippines"><noRegion><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures
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